ART HISTORY BY HUSIN ALI BIN MOHAMMAD AFFANDI

The Abduction of Rebecca The term Romanticism was first used in Germany in the late 1700s when the critics August and Friedrich Schlegal wrote of  romantische Poesie  ("romantic poetry"). Madame de Staël, an influential leader of French intellectual life, following the publication of her account of her German travels in 1813, popularized the term in France. In 1815 the English poet William Wordsworth, who became a major voice of the Romantic movement and who felt that poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings," contrasted the "romantic harp" with the "classic lyre." The artists that considered themselves part of the movement saw themselves as sharing a state of mind or an attitude toward art, nature, and humanity but did not rely on strict definitions or tenets. Bucking established social order, religion, and values, Romanticism became a dominant art movement throughout Europe by the 1820s.  An early prototype of Roma

MEDIEVAL PAINTING Art during the Middle Ages saw many changes up to the emergence of the early Renaissance period. Early art subjects were initially restricted to the production of Pietistic painting (religious art or Christian art) in the form of illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco paintings in churches. There were no portrait paintings in the art of the Middle Ages. The colors were generally somewhat muted. The subject of Medieval architecture is also covered in this section.  The medieval period of art history spans from the fall of the Roman Empire in 300 AD to the beginning of the Renaissance in 1400 AD. In the Middle Ages, art evolves as humans continue addressing the traditional and the new, including Biblical subjects, Christian dogma, and Classical mythology. This article introduces a few concepts of three periods—Early Christian, Romanesque, and Gothic. Last Supper During the Early Middle Ages, the Catholic Church financed many projects, and the ol

Tomb of Amenherkhepshef Ancient Egyptian art must be viewed from the standpoint of the ancient Egyptians to understand it. The somewhat static, usually formal, strangely abstract, and often blocky nature of much Egyptian imagery has, at times, led to unfavorable comparisons with later, and much more ‘naturalistic,’ Greek or Renaissance art. However, the art of the Egyptians served a vastly different purpose than that of these later cultures. King's Daughters Egyptian society was based on the concept of harmony known as ma'at which had come into being at the dawn of creation and sustained the universe. All Egyptian art is based on perfect balance because it reflects the ideal world of the gods. The same way these gods provided all good gifts for humanity, so the artwork was imagined and created to provide a use. Egyptian art was always first and foremost functional. No matter how beautifully a statue may have been crafted, its purpose was to serve as a home for a

Chinese art are art that whether ancient or modern originated by China or by Chinese artists. On the stage of art, dateback to 10000 BC, the chinese art mostly have a simple pottery and sculptures. On this early periods, they were followed by a series of art dynasties which most of it were lasted for a several hundread years. On Qin Dynasty, they are The Terracotta Army inside Mausoleum of the First Qin Empero which consisits of more than 7000 life-size tomb terra-cotta figures of warriors and the horses buried with self-proclaimed first Emperor of Qin or Qin Shi Huang. This was happened in 210-209 BC.Then followed by Han Dynasty which produced a painting on a ceramic tile from tomb near Luoyang, Henan province which dated to Eastern Han Dynasty in 25-220 AD. The painting are about two gentelmen engrossed in coversation while two others look on. Then, on 2nd century BC, they were a glided bronze lamp with shutter, in the shape of midservant which from the Western Han Dynasty. Pain

Byzantine Frescoes in Asinou Church Between Emperor Constantine I's Edict in 313, recognizing Christianity as the official religion, and the fall of Rome at the hands of the Visigoths in 476, arrangements were made to divide the the Roman Empire into a Western half (ruled from Rome) and an Eastern half (ruled from Byzantium). Thus, while Western Christendom fell into the cultural abyss of the barbarian Dark Ages, its religious, secular and artistic values were maintained by its new Eastern capital in Byzantium (later renamed Constantinople after Constantine). Along with the transfer of Imperial authority to Byzantium went thousands of Roman and Greek painters and craftsmen, who proceeded to create a new set of Eastern Christian images and icons, known as Byzantine Art. Exclusively concerned with Christian art, though derived (in particular) from techniques and forms of Greek and Egyptian art, this style spread to all corners of the Byzantine empire, where Orthodox Christiani

Marble statue group of the three graces The Hellenistic Period of Greek art lasted from the fourth century b.c.e. to approximately the time of Jesus (Christ) of Nazareth, a period of more than 300 years.  Unlike earlier Greek art, which consisted predominantly of art of Greece itself, Hellenistic art was more diverse culturally and geographically. Because Hellenistic art arose after the conquests of Alexander the Great, it also included art from the Greek-influenced regions of Alexander’s empire.  Hellenistic Art Alexander’s empire broke apart on his death, with several Hellenistic (Greek-like) kingdoms appearing. The great art centers of the mainland gave way to cities on islands such as Rhodes or in the eastern Mediterranean (Alexandria, Antioch, and Pergamum). Sculpture had tendencies toward classicism, rococo, and baroque in other words, no clear direction or restriction. Art glorified the gods and great athletes, but it also served to decorate the homes of the newl

Gandhara 1st Century Buddhism was introduced to Tibet by the seventh century and was proclaimed the state religion by the end of the eighth century. Although Buddhist influence waned during persecutions between 838 and 942, the religion saw a revival beginning in the late tenth century. It rapidly became dominant, inaugurating what is known as the “later diffusion of the Buddhist faith.” Many sculptures and paintings were made as aids for Buddhist meditation. The physical image became a base to support or encourage the presence of the divinity portrayed in the mind of the worshipper. Images were also commissioned for any number of reasons, including celebrating a birth, commemorating a death, and encouraging wealth, good health, or longevity. Buddhists believe that commissioning an image brings merit for the donor as well as to all conscious beings. Images in temples and in household shrines also remind laypeople that they too can achieve enlightenment. Buddhist art is the m

IMPERIAL ROME For several centuries Ancient Rome was the most powerful nation on earth, excelling all others at military organization and warfare, engineering, and architecture. Its unique cultural achievements include the invention of the dome and the groin vault, the development of concrete and a European-wide network of roads and bridges. Despite this, Roman sculptors and painters produced only a limited amount of outstanding original fine art, preferring instead to recycle designs from Greek art, which they revered as far superior to their own. Indeed, many types of art practised by the Romans - including, sculpture (bronze and marble statuary, sarcophagi), fine art painting (murals, portraiture, vase-painting), and decorative art (including metalwork, mosaics, jewellery, ivory carving) had already been fully mastered by Ancient Greek artists. Not surprisingly, therefore, while numerous Greek sculptors (like Phidias, Kresilas, Myron, Polykleitos, Callimachus, Skopas, Lysippo

Piero di Cosimo, Italian Renaissance art The Renaissance is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.  The Renaissance was a time of re-birth and awakening in Europe. The images that emerged from the Renaissance continue to represent beauty and intellect for people around the world. There has simply never been a time in history when artists stretched their wings to bring their mediums to such new heights. One can also question if there has ever been an era in history in which so many great thinkers and artists were born. The Renaissance birthed the great talents of artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. The first blossoms of the Renaissance emerged around the year 1400 A.D. in Italy. It rose from the ashes of medieval

Bison depicted at the Cave of Altamira in Cantabria, Spain, dated to the Upper Paleolithic period      Prehistoric is something belonging or pertaining to the period of prehistory. This last term,in turn, is linked to the existing human life before the development of writing. (which has arisen around the year 3000 B.C)         Anthropology is the study of mankind's behaviour and origins, and asides from studying bones and fossils, it also studies the ancient architecture, tools and artwork mankind left behind. Very few art pieces stand the test of time and only the toughest sculptures and paintings made with plenty of pigment (and presumably sheltered from the elements) have managed to last tens of thousands of years. Like we do, prehistoric people often represented their world and beliefs through visual images. Art emerged with the appearance and dispersion of homo sapiens from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas. Paintings, sculptures, engravings